Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Tennis Elbow
Tennis Elbow: Understanding Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition involving the tendons that attach to the bone on the outside of the elbow. The muscle involved, the extensor carpi radialis brevis, helps extend and abduct the wrist. This muscle is connected to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus bone via a tendon. When this tendon undergoes degeneration, it weakens its anchor site, putting excessive stress on the area. This leads to pain during activities that require frequent gripping, lifting, or grasping.

What Causes Tennis Elbow and Who Gets It?

Tennis elbow is typically caused by overuse of the muscle, which adds stress to the tendon attachments. Direct trauma to the area can also cause damage to the tendon.

While tennis elbow is most common in individuals between the ages of 30 and 50, it can occur in both younger and older patients. Those who engage in repetitive activities or sports that involve frequent arm movement, such as tennis or other racquet sports, are at higher risk.

Symptoms and Treatment of Tennis Elbow

The primary symptom of tennis elbow is pain, which typically starts at the elbow and may radiate down the arm into the hand. The area is usually tender to the touch, and pain is triggered by any activity that engages the muscle.

For tennis elbow treatment, your doctor may recommend:

  • Thorough examination of the affected arm to assess the condition.
  • Limiting activity and modifying movements that aggravate the pain.
  • Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Wearing a brace to support the elbow and alleviate strain on the tendon.
  • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility.

Surgery is generally not necessary unless the pain persists and is unresponsive to more conservative treatments.

If you are experiencing tennis elbow, contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center for expert evaluation and treatment options to help you recover and restore function to your arm.

Golfer’s Elbow

Golfer’s Elbow
Golfer’s Elbow: Understanding Tendinosis of the Elbow

Golfer’s elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition where small tears form in the tendons along the elbow due to overuse. These tendons connect the muscles in your forearm to the elbow, and repetitive motions can stretch and inflame them, leading to pain. Despite the name, golfer’s elbow isn’t exclusive to golf players—it can affect anyone engaging in repetitive hand or wrist movements.

Causes and Symptoms of Golfer’s Elbow

While golfer’s elbow is commonly associated with playing golf, other sports and occupations can contribute to the development of this condition. Activities that can lead to golfer’s elbow include:

  • Baseball
  • Weight training
  • Plumbing
  • Cooking
  • Butchers
  • Painters

The condition occurs when the muscles controlling the wrist and fingers are damaged due to improper lifting, gripping, or repetitive actions in these activities. People with golfer’s elbow typically experience:

  • Pain on the inner side of the elbow, which may radiate into the forearm and hands.
  • Stiffness in the joints.
  • Weakening clenches.
  • Numbness or tingling in the fingers.
  • Inability to make a fist.
Diagnosis & Treatment of Golfer’s Elbow

Diagnosing golfer’s elbow typically involves a review of your medical history, a physical exam, and questions about your activities. If needed, an x-ray may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Most cases of golfer’s elbow can be treated with nonsurgical methods, including:

  • Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Heat or ice application to relieve discomfort and inflammation.
  • Wearing an elbow brace to support the area and limit movement.
  • Strengthening exercises or stretches to improve flexibility and muscle strength.
  • Plenty of rest to allow the elbow to heal properly.

If symptoms persist, more advanced treatments such as physical therapy or injections may be recommended. If you are suffering from golfer’s elbow, contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center for expert diagnosis and treatment.

Elbow Pain

Elbow Pain
Understanding Elbow Pain and How to Seek Treatment

The elbow serves as a hinge for your arm, facilitating movement and flexibility. This joint is composed of a complex set of bones and muscles, such as the biceps and triceps. When these muscles, tendons, nerves, and bones are injured or irritated, it can result in mild to severe elbow pain. Continue reading to learn more about what causes elbow pain and how to seek treatment at South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center.

What Causes Elbow Pain?

Elbow pain is a broad term that can stem from a variety of factors. Common causes of elbow pain are often related to injuries from sports, accidents, or diseases. These may include:

  • Tendonitis
  • Olecranon Bursitis
  • A sprained or broken elbow
  • Various forms of arthritis
  • Cellulitis
  • Tumors
  • Nerve entrapment
  • Tennis elbow
  • Golfer’s elbow
  • Dislocation
  • Radial Tunnel Syndrome
  • Overuse due to occupation or hobby
Symptoms of Elbow Pain

The symptoms of elbow pain can range from mild to severe, and often include similar signs. Patients should see a doctor if:

  • There is severe pain present in the joint.
  • Swelling or bruising occurs.
  • You experience difficulty moving your arm normally.
  • Pain does not improve after a few days.
  • Pain is present even when your elbow is not in motion.

Immediate medical attention is required if there is any sign of a deformity in the elbow or if bone is protruding.

Elbow Pain Diagnosis & Treatments

Diagnosing the cause of elbow pain involves several techniques, such as:

  • Physical exams
  • X-rays
  • CT scans
  • MRIs
  • EMG (electromyography)
  • Biopsy, if fluid is present in the joint

Treatment plans for elbow pain vary depending on the underlying cause. In many cases, elbow pain is not serious and can be treated at home with:

  • Rest
  • Ice application
  • Compression bandages
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Elevating the elbow to reduce swelling

If the pain persists or worsens, in-office treatments may be necessary, which can include:

  • Steroid injections
  • Prescription medications
  • Surgery, if required

At South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center, we are committed to providing personalized care for elbow pain. Contact us for a thorough evaluation and treatment options tailored to your needs.

Elbow Fractures

Elbow Fractures
Elbow Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Elbow fractures are more common than you might think, especially among children, who make up 10% of all fractures. These fractures often occur due to falls or high activity levels. Adults are also prone to elbow fractures, as elbows frequently absorb the impact when individuals fall and use their arms to brace themselves.

About the Elbow Joint

The elbow joint consists of three bones that work together to allow for arm movement:

  • Humerus – The bone connecting from the shoulder to the elbow.
  • Radius – The bone connecting the elbow to the wrist, located on the thumb side of the forearm.
  • Ulna – The bone connecting the elbow to the wrist, located on the pinky side of the forearm.
Common Types of Elbow Fractures Treated at South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center

Elbow fractures come in various forms, with some of the most common including:

  • Monteggia Fractures – A fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head. This fracture causes significant pain and swelling.
  • Physeal Fractures – Fractures through the growth plate in the humerus, radius, or ulna, which are especially concerning in children as they can affect bone growth.
  • Epicondylar Fractures – Occur at the tip of the bony prominences on the inside or outside of the elbow, often due to overuse or repetitive stress.
  • Condylar Fractures – Involves the joint surface of the humerus, typically on the outer elbow, and can take longer to heal.
Symptoms of an Elbow Fracture

Typical symptoms of an elbow fracture include:

  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Stiffness
  • Crookedness of the bone
  • Inability to straighten the elbow
  • Pain when straightening or bending the elbow

Some individuals may also hear or feel a pop or snap upon impact.

Treatment for Elbow Fractures

Treatment for elbow fractures depends on the severity of the injury. Diagnostic tests such as X-rays or scans are essential for determining the extent of damage. Common treatment options include:

  • Prescribed pain and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms.
  • Surgery may be required for compound fractures where the bone breaks through the skin. This will likely involve cleaning the wound and resetting the bones.
  • Repairing ligaments, tendons, and muscles if they are damaged in the fracture.
  • For minor fractures, a sling or cast may be used depending on the severity of the break.

Most fractures require physical therapy to restore full range of motion, flexibility, and strength in the hand and forearm. If you suspect you have an elbow fracture, it is crucial to ice the area, elevate it above your heart, and contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center to schedule an appointment.

Elbow Bursitis

Elbow Bursitis
Elbow Bursitis: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Elbow Bursitis, also known as Olecranon Bursitis, is commonly referred to as ‘Popeye elbow’, ‘Gamer’s elbow’, or ‘Student’s elbow’. This condition occurs when the bursa, a fluid-filled sac in the joint that provides cushioning for the elbow, becomes inflamed or infected, causing the olecranon to swell.

Elbow bursitis typically makes the elbow appear very swollen, puffy, and red, with an abnormal bulge visible at the back of the elbow.

Causes and Symptoms of Elbow Bursitis

Elbow bursitis can be caused by trauma, pressure, infection, or underlying medical conditions that affect the bursa. Common causes include:

  • Arthritis
  • Gout
  • Prolonged leaning on the elbow
  • Injuries causing bleeding or fluid buildup
  • Infection within the elbow
  • Blood-borne infections

Symptoms of elbow bursitis may include:

  • Pain with movement
  • Significant swelling
  • Tenderness upon touching
  • Redness
  • Fever
  • Swollen lymph nodes
Diagnosis & Treatment

To diagnose elbow bursitis, your doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. X-rays may be necessary if a serious injury, such as a fracture, is suspected.

If needed, the fluid from the bursa may be drained and tested for infection. If left untreated, elbow bursitis can lead to spontaneous rupture or, in the case of infection, it can spread into the bloodstream and cause serious illness.

For treatment, your doctor may recommend the following:
  • Compression bandages to stabilize the joint
  • Ice packs to reduce swelling
  • Oral anti-inflammatory medications
  • Hydrocortisone injections to decrease inflammation
In cases of chronic bursitis, treatment options may include:
  • Modified sitting techniques to reduce pressure on the elbow
  • Antibiotics if infection is present
  • Surgery if conservative treatments are ineffective

It is important to seek medical attention if you notice significant swelling or suspect elbow bursitis, as early treatment can help prevent complications.

Elbow Arthritis

Elbow Arthritis
Contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center for Elbow Arthritis Relief

Arthritis is a condition that damages the cartilage around bones, causing inflammation in joints like the elbow. If you’re experiencing elbow pain, consider seeking treatment at South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center for relief from elbow arthritis.

There are various types of arthritis, each with different causes and risk factors, including:

  • Osteoarthritis: Caused by wear and tear on cartilage, common in active individuals, leading to bone-on-bone friction and pain.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Predominantly found in women, this genetic condition occurs when the immune system attacks the lining of the joints.
  • Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Develops after an injury, making the affected area sensitive and painful with movement.
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Accompanies the skin condition psoriasis, causing flaking skin on the elbow along with arthritis symptoms.
  • Septic Arthritis: Caused by a bacterial infection that spreads to the joint through the bloodstream.
What Causes Elbow Arthritis?

Elbow arthritis can be caused by various factors, depending on the type:

  • Osteoarthritis: Often caused by the wear and tear on cartilage, leading to painful bone-on-bone contact.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: A genetic condition where the immune system attacks the joint lining, leading to inflammation and pain.
  • Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Develops following an elbow injury, causing long-term pain and sensitivity.
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Linked with psoriasis, causing painful joints and skin flaking.
  • Septic Arthritis: Occurs when a bacterial infection enters the bloodstream and infects the joint.
Symptoms of Elbow Arthritis

The symptoms of elbow arthritis vary depending on the type, and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

  • Loss of motion and movement
  • A grating sensation in the bones
  • Joints locking
  • Stiffness
  • Joint instability
  • Swelling

If the symptoms worsen, they may spread to other joints near the elbow, such as the wrist, hands, or fingers.

Elbow Arthritis Diagnosis & Treatments

If you are experiencing symptoms of elbow arthritis, your doctor will evaluate your condition to determine the best treatment approach. Mild forms of arthritis can be managed with:

  • Activity modification
  • Medications for pain relief
  • Corticosteroid injections
  • Physical therapy

For severe cases of elbow arthritis, there are several surgical options to alleviate pain:

  • Arthroscopy: A procedure to remove loose fragments and tissue in the joint.
  • Prosthetic Joints: Inserting a prosthetic joint to replace the damaged one.
  • Tendon Repair: Repairing damaged tendons in the elbow.
  • Joint Fusion: Fusing the joint if a prosthetic joint is not a viable option.

If you’re suffering from elbow arthritis, don’t wait for the pain to worsen. Contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center today to schedule an appointment. Call us at (561) 241-4758 for expert care and treatment.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome occurs when there is increased pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The ulnar nerve passes under a bony prominence on the inner part of the elbow (the medial epicondyle), commonly known as the “funny bone.” This area is particularly vulnerable to pressure, which can affect the nerve and cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the elbow, forearm, hand, and fingers.

What Causes Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

Several factors can increase pressure on the ulnar nerve, leading to cubital tunnel syndrome:

  • Pressure on the elbow: Resting your arm on a table with the inner part of your elbow may cause temporary numbness. If this happens repeatedly, the discomfort may become persistent.
  • Elbow movement: Repetitive straightening and bending of the elbow can cause the ulnar nerve to click over the bony bump, irritating the nerve.
  • Sustained elbow bending: Keeping the elbow bent for prolonged periods, such as while sleeping or holding a phone, can stretch the nerve across the medial epicondyle.
  • Thickened connective tissue: In some cases, the tissue over the nerve may thicken, adding pressure on the nerve, or variations in the muscle structure around the elbow can also contribute.
Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

The most common symptoms include:

  • Pain, numbness, and tingling in the elbow, forearm, hand, and fingers, often in the ring and little fingers.
  • Symptoms typically occur when there is pressure on the nerve, such as when resting the elbow on an armrest or with repetitive bending or straightening of the elbow.
  • Weakness while pinching, clumsiness, and the tendency to drop things.
  • In severe cases, loss of sensation and muscle weakness or atrophy in the hand.
Diagnosis

A doctor will assess your symptoms, check for muscle weakness, and test the nerve’s response to tapping or bending the elbow. They may also evaluate other conditions, such as thyroid disease or diabetes, that could contribute to similar symptoms.

To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may recommend an electromyography (EMG) and/or nerve conduction study (NCS) to assess nerve function and severity. These tests can also identify other nerve issues, such as a pinched nerve in the neck.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Treatment

In mild cases, non-surgical treatments can provide relief:

  • Avoiding pressure on the elbow by changing habits, such as not resting the elbow on hard surfaces.
  • Wearing an elbow pad over the ulnar nerve and “funny bone” for extra protection.
  • Keeping the elbow straight during sleep with a splint.
  • Physical therapy to learn strategies for reducing nerve pressure.

If symptoms persist or are severe, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure on the nerve. The surgeon may move the nerve to the front of the elbow or place it under a layer of fat, muscle, or within the muscle. In some cases, trimming the bony bump (medial epicondyle) may also be recommended.

Recovery and Post-Surgery Care

Your recovery after surgery depends on the procedure performed. Generally, you will need to avoid lifting or making certain elbow movements for a period. Therapy may be required to help regain full function.

If you are experiencing symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome, contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center to schedule an appointment and begin treatment. Call us at (561) 241-4758.