Elbow Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Elbow fractures are more common than you might think, especially among children, who make up 10% of all fractures. These fractures often occur due to falls or high activity levels. Adults are also prone to elbow fractures, as elbows frequently absorb the impact when individuals fall and use their arms to brace themselves.
About the Elbow Joint
The elbow joint consists of three bones that work together to allow for arm movement:
- Humerus – The bone connecting from the shoulder to the elbow.
- Radius – The bone connecting the elbow to the wrist, located on the thumb side of the forearm.
- Ulna – The bone connecting the elbow to the wrist, located on the pinky side of the forearm.
Common Types of Elbow Fractures Treated at South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center
Elbow fractures come in various forms, with some of the most common including:
- Monteggia Fractures – A fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head. This fracture causes significant pain and swelling.
- Physeal Fractures – Fractures through the growth plate in the humerus, radius, or ulna, which are especially concerning in children as they can affect bone growth.
- Epicondylar Fractures – Occur at the tip of the bony prominences on the inside or outside of the elbow, often due to overuse or repetitive stress.
- Condylar Fractures – Involves the joint surface of the humerus, typically on the outer elbow, and can take longer to heal.
Symptoms of an Elbow Fracture
Typical symptoms of an elbow fracture include:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Stiffness
- Crookedness of the bone
- Inability to straighten the elbow
- Pain when straightening or bending the elbow
Some individuals may also hear or feel a pop or snap upon impact.
Treatment for Elbow Fractures
Treatment for elbow fractures depends on the severity of the injury. Diagnostic tests such as X-rays or scans are essential for determining the extent of damage. Common treatment options include:
- Prescribed pain and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms.
- Surgery may be required for compound fractures where the bone breaks through the skin. This will likely involve cleaning the wound and resetting the bones.
- Repairing ligaments, tendons, and muscles if they are damaged in the fracture.
- For minor fractures, a sling or cast may be used depending on the severity of the break.
Most fractures require physical therapy to restore full range of motion, flexibility, and strength in the hand and forearm. If you suspect you have an elbow fracture, it is crucial to ice the area, elevate it above your heart, and contact South Florida Hand and Orthopaedic Center to schedule an appointment.